Aurelio Peccei (1908–84) was an Italian scholar and industrialist who founded the Club of Rome in 1968. A member of the Italian resistance during World War II, in 1944 he was arrested, imprisoned and tortured. After the war he became chairman of Fiat and President of Olivetti, while also being active in organizations like the World Wildlife Fund, Friends of the Earth and the International Ocean Institute. His books include The Chasm Ahead (1977) and One Hundred Pages for the Future (1981).