Joseph Rotblat (1908–2005) was one of the scientists recruited to build the atomic bombs which brought World War II to an end. Turning his back on the nuclear program, he subsequently became a tireless campaigner for the abolition of nuclear weapons. He co-founded the Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs in 1957, and received both the Albert Einstein Peace Prize in 1992 and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1995.