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A distinguished gentleman
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visited Claremont McKenna College
in Claremont, California
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on January 29, 1993.
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It was Dr. Linus Carl Pauling
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an outstanding scientist and
a peace activist, then 91 years old.
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Dr. Pauling received the Nobel Prize
in Chemistry in 1954
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and the Nobel Peace Prize in 1962.
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He is renowned as
the only person in the world
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to be awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes.
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Despite his advanced age
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Pauling traveled 600 kilometers from
his home to Claremont McKenna College
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in order to attend a lecture
by SGI President Daisaku Ikeda
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who had been invited to speak there.
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"Buddhism classifies the states of life
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that constitute human experience
into ten worlds or realms.
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The most critical point, then,
is which of these ten states
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as they exist in the vibrant flow of life,
forms the basis of our own lives?
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Buddhism offers a way of life
centered on the highest states
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those of Bodhisattva and Buddhahood,
as an ideal of human existence."
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Dr. Linus Pauling, a leading scientist
of the 20th century
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and Daisaku Ikeda, a Buddhist philosopher,
shared a deep commitment to peace.
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The friendship between the two men
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continues to be a source
of inspiration for many.
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Well-known as
"the father of modern chemistry"
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Pauling is also renowned
for his great achievements
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in a wide range of fields such as
quantum mechanics and molecular biology.
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In particular, he is credited with building
the foundation of modern molecular biology
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which examines the structure and
composition of cellular molecules.
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Moreover, he had discovered
the spiral structure of DNA
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before Watson and Crick
went further and discovered
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that it was in fact a double helix structure.
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During his youth, Pauling became
acquainted with Albert Einstein
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visiting his home almost every night
to discuss the tense global situation.
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Through his interactions with Einstein
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Pauling became deeply aware of the need
to abolish nuclear weapons.
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However, it was his wife Ava Helen,
a human rights activist
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who solidified his absolute opposition
to nuclear weapons.
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"After World War Two,
Ava Helen Pauling, his wife
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was very concerned about
the possible proliferation of nuclear weapons
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and the effect that having all of
these nuclear weapons would have.
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She felt that inevitably if there are a lot of
nuclear weapons being produced
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eventually somebody's going to use them."
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Linus Pauling would later reflect
that his main motivation
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was to earn and keep his wife's respect.
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He did not want her to think
he was a coward.
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Together, they embarked on
half a lifetime of working for peace.
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In 1955
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Pauling and ten other leading scientists
of global eminence
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signed the Russell-Einstein Manifesto
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a warning about the dire consequences
of a nuclear war.
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Persecution awaited Pauling as
he stood up to take action for peace.
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With the Cold War intensifying
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a wave of anti-communist hysteria
was raging in the USA.
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Pauling was labeled a communist,
had his passport revoked
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and was forced to step down as chairman
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of the Division of Chemistry and
Chemical Engineering at Caltech.
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In 1957, Pauling initiated
a large-scale petition
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calling for a ban on nuclear testing.
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The number of signatures collected from
scientists all over the world exceeded 13,000.
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However, the Senate Permanent
Subcommittee on Investigations
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ordered the names of all the chemists
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who cooperated in the petition drive
to be revealed.
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"He refused to answer those questions,
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saying he did not want
to endanger those people
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who were working for world peace.
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He was threatened with jail for refusing
to cooperate with the Senate Subcommittee
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and he said that he would rather go to jail
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than name names of people who
he felt were innocent
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and did nothing more than
work for world peace."
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Despite enormous pressure
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Pauling's resolve for peace
continued to strengthen.
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In October 1963
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he received word that he was to be
awarded the Nobel Peace Prize.
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During the presentation speech by
the Chairman of the Nobel Committee
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Pauling was quoted as having said
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"I believe that there is
a greater power in the world
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than the evil power of military force,
or nuclear bombs
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there is the power of good,
of morality, of humanitarianism."
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Pauling's first interaction with Ikeda
was in the early 1980s.
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During the course of his peace activities
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he came across Ikeda's publications
and peace proposals.
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Aware of the fact that the foremost challenge
underlying the issue of nuclear weapons
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is the destructiveness hidden
in the depths of human life
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Pauling deeply understood
Ikeda's philosophy of peace
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centered on the idea of human revolution
—individual inner-motivated change.
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Their first meeting took place
on February 24, 1987.
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Pauling said to Ikeda
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"I'm pleased to meet someone
who is working hard
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to realize a peaceful world!
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I am more than happy
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to join efforts in cooperating with you
to achieve this goal!"
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This day was the beginning
of many such interactions
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between the two champions of peace.
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They met four times and their dialogue
led to the publication of a book in 1990.
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A Lifelong Quest for Peace:
A Dialogue with Linus Pauling
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has been translated into nine languages
to date and is read around the world.
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Dr. Linus Pauling Jr.,
a respected psychiatrist
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vividly remembers his father
treasuring the book.
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"The image of my father's office back after
the publication of this book comes to mind
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my father had an office littered
with books and other memorabilia.
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I remember going into his office and
piled on his desk was a stack of the book
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'A Lifelong Quest for Peace'
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and he said that he enjoyed
having these books here
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because he could pass them out to
distinguished visitors that came to see him.
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And I believe he was very pleased with
this cooperation with President Ikeda."
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An exhibition titled
"Linus Pauling and the Twentieth Century"
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was created by the UN Institute
for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR)
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and the SGI.
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It was viewed by more than
one million people in five countries.
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The exhibition was proposed by Ikeda
during his last encounter with Pauling.
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"We will hold a Pauling exhibition
in the future.
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I would like to communicate
your immense stature to the world."
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Four years after Pauling passed away
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Ikeda fulfilled the promise he had made
during their final meeting.
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"The comments that I got from him,
from my father
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were positive about President Ikeda
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and, actually, the Buddhist movement
advocated by SGI.
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That didn't stop him from appreciating
the extraordinary efforts
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that President Ikeda went to,
to promote the concept of peace
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be willing to join
those efforts with his own.
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I think they made a good team."
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When he attended the lecture delivered
by Ikeda at Claremont McKenna College
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Dr. Pauling commented as follows.
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"The world of Bodhisattva,
a state of compassion
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in which one seeks to save
all people from suffering.
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This I think is what human beings
need to accept.
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But here we have Soka Gakkai,
President Ikeda
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firmly standing behind the principle
of peace and against war."
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As the founder of
Soka University of America
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Daisaku Ikeda named one of
the buildings on the campus
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Linus and Ava Helen Pauling Hall.
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A bust of Linus Pauling also stands
in the Tokyo Soka Senior High School.
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These tributes convey Ikeda's desire
to foster capable individuals
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who will contribute to humanity
just as Dr. Pauling did.
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The legacy of
Daisaku Ikeda and Linus Pauling
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can be found in a continuous stream
of emerging champions for peace.
